The jacquard machine simplifies the manufacturing process of textiles and is attached to the loom. The resulting group of loom and Jacquard machine is called Jacquard loom. The machine was asked to be invented in 1804 by Joseph Marie Jacquard, based on earlier inventions by the French Basile Bouchon, Jean Baptiste Falcon, and Jacques Vaucanson. The machine was controlled by a “chain of cards”. Chain of cards mean a number of punched cards laced together into a continuous sequence. In each Card, more than one hole is opened with the card suitable for the design. Both the Jacquard process and the required loom attachment are named after their inventors. This mechanism is probably one of the most important weaving innovations because the Jacquard shedding made possible the automatic production of an unlimited variety of intricate patterned weaving.
Mechanical Jacquard devices
Originally, jacquard machines were stored in a series of cards to form a continuous chain. Jacquards were generally small, with only a small number of warp ends independently controlled. required a series of repetitions the width of the loom. Larger capacity machines or the use of more than one machine allowed greater control with fewer repetitions and therefore larger designs could be woven across the width of the loom
Electronic Jacquard machines
It is noted that in 1855 a Frenchman adapted the Jacquard mechanism into a system that could work with electromagnets. The interest was huge, but the trials were unsuccessful and no progress was made so they were quickly forgotten. Bonas Textile Machinery NV launched the first successful electronic Jacquard at ITMA Milan in 1983. Although the machines were small in the beginning, modern technology has allowed the Jacquard machine capacity to be multiplied drastically and the single-end warp control has been extended to more than 10,000 warp ends.
